research and development,american style
Posted: Fri Apr 08, 2005 4:04 pm
in the depths of the great depression all but two of the american motorcycle manufactures were gone save indian and the davidson brothers. money was tight to say the least.sales were dismal if not non existant.
indian had aquired the rights to the ace motorcycle,itself an engine design of an in-line 4 cylinder developed by the henderson brothers back in 1900 and 11 or 12. henderson sold out to schwinn(of bicycle fame) who also owned excelsior giving them a complete line of singles, v-twins and in-line fours.
in the late teens the henderson brothers started the ace motorcycle company but always operating on a shoestring and the death of one of the brothers test riding a bike they went belly up.this gave indian a foothold in the 4 cylinder market with the acquisition of ace.
about the time the davidson brothers were developing overhead valves for their big twins indian was busy spending money they didn't have on it's inline four. in 1936 h.d. launched the knucklehead and indian unveiled the upside-down four,later know as the ugly duckling.
most engines of the time were i.o.e.(intake over exhaust) but indian's engineers figured if they put the exhaust valve on top it would be better cooled and not robbed of h.p.,therefore more powerful. as most of you paso owners know if a motorcycle is not good looking then then it probably won't sell very well. sales for the '36 four reflected this and for '37 they put twin carbs on the four calling it the sport four, trying to increase sales. this was a feeble attempt to sell motorcycles as it was still ugly ( i had a '37 four and if it was a '38 or '39 might still have it!) for 1938 indian again spent money they didn't have and redesigned the top end.
harley didn't get it exactly right the first time with the knuckle head either. the first year was plauged with some design problems but they did their homework and did get it right.
along comes wwII. sammy (as in uncle) says to indian and h.d. that he wants a 500 cc military bike.h.d. says "if we build a 500 cc bike we'll go broke". sammy says" if you don't ,you'll go broke 'cause we won't buy them".the davidson brother being bullheaded go about building a 750 cc military bike. indian,doing what it's told built 500 cc bikes. as it turns out the 30.50 cu.in. indians were gutless,top speed 60 mph downhill with a tailwind!( i built one and can attest to this). sammy buys the davidsons by the boatload,literally, and indian builds some mostly for overseas sales for france,australia and new zealand (an insurance adjuster that came to our ship because of a broken crankshaft in wellington had one still in the crate, that was late 1985)
during the war sammy asked indian and h.d. to design a bike to compete with rommel in the deserts of africa. indian turned it's v-twin sideways,guzzi style, and h.d. made a bmw copy both with shaft drive!!!! both companys made about 1000 bikes when sammy said they were no longer needed as the war was winding down.more money spent by both companies never recouped.
indian got stiffed when a boatload of their bikes went to the ocean floor,thanks to a u-boat. neither company came out of the war very healthy as their was little profit to be had selling to sammy but the did keep the factories busy building bikes.the davidson brothers did sell alot more bikes tho so did have a healthier outlook.
after the war indian was aquired by this rogers fellow.he saw british bikes sell good here in the states for two reasons. england devalued their currancy making thier bikes more affordable and returning gi's who had ridden the british stuff found them lightweight and fast with good handling. rogers bought an engineering firm and had them design a lightwieght bike for him. in 1949 they came out with a 220 cc single and a 440 cc twin. the 440 couldn't compete with the 500 cc british stuff so it was enlarged to 500 for the 1950 model year. for 1949 indian didn't produce it's bread and butter chief instead putting all it's resources into the verticals. to this day it is the only designed and manufactured vertical twin made in the u.s.a.
indian,still strapped for cash hurried these verticals into production to recoupe some doe stay afloat.dealers and buyers were crying for the big twin so in '50 indian came out with the 80 cu.in. chief. by hurrying the verticals into the streets they did a disservice to their following as there were design flaws and production problems that made for a bad product. indian didn't put a primary drive chain adjustment on the verticals instead advertising it's chain as "pre-stretched"
1900 and fifty-three saw the last of the indians as we know them roll out the doors and only a handfull at that.
the davidson brothers on the other hand were now the last men standing and had the market cornered ,somewhat anyway.
by the late 60's they too were teetering with bankruptcy.amf, cursed by many 2-day, saved them from a hostile takeover.amf,like any owner wanted to see a return on their investment and tried to increase production. this may have caused labor problems at the factory and along with antiquated machinery,(anyone with machining experience knows how hard it is to hold tolerances with junk machinery), produced an inferior product. 10 or so years later amf is tiring of playing this game and wants to unload h.d. i remember all the bike magazines of the time all saying the v-twin is dead and why doesn't h.d. and the other v-twin producers give up on it and design a transverse four,can't they see the success the japs are having with their sales success? ( our beloved ducati included!) several employees get together and ,literally, in the 11 th hour find money to buy the company from amf . the new company takes a major gamble and pours money they didn't have into the dinosaur of a company. with a lot of luck and a good economy that the u.s. had never seen b-4, h.d. was kept afloat and even prospered.
now, if anyone wants to bitch about h.d. just remember,supply and demand. if h.d. went under and those people bought ducati's we would have a year or more waiting list to buy a new one and used ones would be maybe twice as much!!!!!!!!!!
so ,to make this long story longer ,how much r+d can any company afford? indian,excelsior and ace all had good products that people gave their life developing but with a faltering economy who could afford to buy them? lady luck has alot to do with it.how many times has ducati teetered on the fence????seems like they are trapeze artist.
this is as i remember reading and any errors are not intentional.
indian had aquired the rights to the ace motorcycle,itself an engine design of an in-line 4 cylinder developed by the henderson brothers back in 1900 and 11 or 12. henderson sold out to schwinn(of bicycle fame) who also owned excelsior giving them a complete line of singles, v-twins and in-line fours.
in the late teens the henderson brothers started the ace motorcycle company but always operating on a shoestring and the death of one of the brothers test riding a bike they went belly up.this gave indian a foothold in the 4 cylinder market with the acquisition of ace.
about the time the davidson brothers were developing overhead valves for their big twins indian was busy spending money they didn't have on it's inline four. in 1936 h.d. launched the knucklehead and indian unveiled the upside-down four,later know as the ugly duckling.
most engines of the time were i.o.e.(intake over exhaust) but indian's engineers figured if they put the exhaust valve on top it would be better cooled and not robbed of h.p.,therefore more powerful. as most of you paso owners know if a motorcycle is not good looking then then it probably won't sell very well. sales for the '36 four reflected this and for '37 they put twin carbs on the four calling it the sport four, trying to increase sales. this was a feeble attempt to sell motorcycles as it was still ugly ( i had a '37 four and if it was a '38 or '39 might still have it!) for 1938 indian again spent money they didn't have and redesigned the top end.
harley didn't get it exactly right the first time with the knuckle head either. the first year was plauged with some design problems but they did their homework and did get it right.
along comes wwII. sammy (as in uncle) says to indian and h.d. that he wants a 500 cc military bike.h.d. says "if we build a 500 cc bike we'll go broke". sammy says" if you don't ,you'll go broke 'cause we won't buy them".the davidson brother being bullheaded go about building a 750 cc military bike. indian,doing what it's told built 500 cc bikes. as it turns out the 30.50 cu.in. indians were gutless,top speed 60 mph downhill with a tailwind!( i built one and can attest to this). sammy buys the davidsons by the boatload,literally, and indian builds some mostly for overseas sales for france,australia and new zealand (an insurance adjuster that came to our ship because of a broken crankshaft in wellington had one still in the crate, that was late 1985)
during the war sammy asked indian and h.d. to design a bike to compete with rommel in the deserts of africa. indian turned it's v-twin sideways,guzzi style, and h.d. made a bmw copy both with shaft drive!!!! both companys made about 1000 bikes when sammy said they were no longer needed as the war was winding down.more money spent by both companies never recouped.
indian got stiffed when a boatload of their bikes went to the ocean floor,thanks to a u-boat. neither company came out of the war very healthy as their was little profit to be had selling to sammy but the did keep the factories busy building bikes.the davidson brothers did sell alot more bikes tho so did have a healthier outlook.
after the war indian was aquired by this rogers fellow.he saw british bikes sell good here in the states for two reasons. england devalued their currancy making thier bikes more affordable and returning gi's who had ridden the british stuff found them lightweight and fast with good handling. rogers bought an engineering firm and had them design a lightwieght bike for him. in 1949 they came out with a 220 cc single and a 440 cc twin. the 440 couldn't compete with the 500 cc british stuff so it was enlarged to 500 for the 1950 model year. for 1949 indian didn't produce it's bread and butter chief instead putting all it's resources into the verticals. to this day it is the only designed and manufactured vertical twin made in the u.s.a.
indian,still strapped for cash hurried these verticals into production to recoupe some doe stay afloat.dealers and buyers were crying for the big twin so in '50 indian came out with the 80 cu.in. chief. by hurrying the verticals into the streets they did a disservice to their following as there were design flaws and production problems that made for a bad product. indian didn't put a primary drive chain adjustment on the verticals instead advertising it's chain as "pre-stretched"
1900 and fifty-three saw the last of the indians as we know them roll out the doors and only a handfull at that.
the davidson brothers on the other hand were now the last men standing and had the market cornered ,somewhat anyway.
by the late 60's they too were teetering with bankruptcy.amf, cursed by many 2-day, saved them from a hostile takeover.amf,like any owner wanted to see a return on their investment and tried to increase production. this may have caused labor problems at the factory and along with antiquated machinery,(anyone with machining experience knows how hard it is to hold tolerances with junk machinery), produced an inferior product. 10 or so years later amf is tiring of playing this game and wants to unload h.d. i remember all the bike magazines of the time all saying the v-twin is dead and why doesn't h.d. and the other v-twin producers give up on it and design a transverse four,can't they see the success the japs are having with their sales success? ( our beloved ducati included!) several employees get together and ,literally, in the 11 th hour find money to buy the company from amf . the new company takes a major gamble and pours money they didn't have into the dinosaur of a company. with a lot of luck and a good economy that the u.s. had never seen b-4, h.d. was kept afloat and even prospered.
now, if anyone wants to bitch about h.d. just remember,supply and demand. if h.d. went under and those people bought ducati's we would have a year or more waiting list to buy a new one and used ones would be maybe twice as much!!!!!!!!!!
so ,to make this long story longer ,how much r+d can any company afford? indian,excelsior and ace all had good products that people gave their life developing but with a faltering economy who could afford to buy them? lady luck has alot to do with it.how many times has ducati teetered on the fence????seems like they are trapeze artist.
this is as i remember reading and any errors are not intentional.